The study on the comparison of activity pattern of zebra in natural and man-made glades was conducted in Arusha National Park to assess group size composition, activity pattern between sexes and age groups. Scan and focal sampling methods were used for data collection. A total of 457 individuals across age and sex groups were observed and recorded. Out of this, 138 individuals were recorded in man-made and 319 individuals in natural glades. The result showed that movement between sex classes in natural glades differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.03), and time spent grooming between males and females differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.01). Time spent for feeding, resting and other activities such as defecating, urinating and irritating could not differ significantly and as well as formed-made glades. In natural glades, time spent for grooming across age classes differed significantly (F=13.2, df=17, P<0.000), as well for others activities such as (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=14.0254, df=17, P <0.0003). In man-made glade, time spent for moving across age classes differed significantly (F=8.3945, df=17, P < 0.004), feeding (F=6.0863, df=17, P<0.01), grooming (F=22.02, df=17, P<0.000) and other activities (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=11.25, df=17, P<0.0011). Generally, much time was spent by zebra feeding between sex classes and across age classes compared to other activities. This implies that feeding is most important for energy requirement, as food resources provide energy to animals.
Published in | International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13 |
Page(s) | 97-105 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Activity Pattern, Arusha National Park, Man-Made Glade, Natural Glade, Zebra
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APA Style
Sulle, J., Kahana, L., Mremi, R., Kiondo, K., Nyakyi, V. (2024). Comparison of Activity Pattern of Zebra (Equus quagga) in Natural and Man-Made Glades in Arusha National Park, Tanzania. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 9(3), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13
ACS Style
Sulle, J.; Kahana, L.; Mremi, R.; Kiondo, K.; Nyakyi, V. Comparison of Activity Pattern of Zebra (Equus quagga) in Natural and Man-Made Glades in Arusha National Park, Tanzania. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2024, 9(3), 97-105. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13
AMA Style
Sulle J, Kahana L, Mremi R, Kiondo K, Nyakyi V. Comparison of Activity Pattern of Zebra (Equus quagga) in Natural and Man-Made Glades in Arusha National Park, Tanzania. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2024;9(3):97-105. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13
@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13, author = {January Sulle and Ladislaus Kahana and Rudolf Mremi and Khalfan Kiondo and Vicent Nyakyi}, title = {Comparison of Activity Pattern of Zebra (Equus quagga) in Natural and Man-Made Glades in Arusha National Park, Tanzania }, journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {97-105}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20240903.13}, abstract = {The study on the comparison of activity pattern of zebra in natural and man-made glades was conducted in Arusha National Park to assess group size composition, activity pattern between sexes and age groups. Scan and focal sampling methods were used for data collection. A total of 457 individuals across age and sex groups were observed and recorded. Out of this, 138 individuals were recorded in man-made and 319 individuals in natural glades. The result showed that movement between sex classes in natural glades differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.03), and time spent grooming between males and females differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.01). Time spent for feeding, resting and other activities such as defecating, urinating and irritating could not differ significantly and as well as formed-made glades. In natural glades, time spent for grooming across age classes differed significantly (F=13.2, df=17, P<0.000), as well for others activities such as (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=14.0254, df=17, P <0.0003). In man-made glade, time spent for moving across age classes differed significantly (F=8.3945, df=17, P < 0.004), feeding (F=6.0863, df=17, P<0.01), grooming (F=22.02, df=17, P<0.000) and other activities (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=11.25, df=17, P<0.0011). Generally, much time was spent by zebra feeding between sex classes and across age classes compared to other activities. This implies that feeding is most important for energy requirement, as food resources provide energy to animals. }, year = {2024} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Activity Pattern of Zebra (Equus quagga) in Natural and Man-Made Glades in Arusha National Park, Tanzania AU - January Sulle AU - Ladislaus Kahana AU - Rudolf Mremi AU - Khalfan Kiondo AU - Vicent Nyakyi Y1 - 2024/09/20 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13 T2 - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management JF - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management JO - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management SP - 97 EP - 105 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3061 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20240903.13 AB - The study on the comparison of activity pattern of zebra in natural and man-made glades was conducted in Arusha National Park to assess group size composition, activity pattern between sexes and age groups. Scan and focal sampling methods were used for data collection. A total of 457 individuals across age and sex groups were observed and recorded. Out of this, 138 individuals were recorded in man-made and 319 individuals in natural glades. The result showed that movement between sex classes in natural glades differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.03), and time spent grooming between males and females differed significantly (T=1.85, df=8, P<0.01). Time spent for feeding, resting and other activities such as defecating, urinating and irritating could not differ significantly and as well as formed-made glades. In natural glades, time spent for grooming across age classes differed significantly (F=13.2, df=17, P<0.000), as well for others activities such as (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=14.0254, df=17, P <0.0003). In man-made glade, time spent for moving across age classes differed significantly (F=8.3945, df=17, P < 0.004), feeding (F=6.0863, df=17, P<0.01), grooming (F=22.02, df=17, P<0.000) and other activities (defecating, urinating and irritating) (F=11.25, df=17, P<0.0011). Generally, much time was spent by zebra feeding between sex classes and across age classes compared to other activities. This implies that feeding is most important for energy requirement, as food resources provide energy to animals. VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -