Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya
Osoro George Marcellus Metobwa,
Khaldoon Abdalah Mourad,
Lars Ribbe
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2018
Pages:
9-18
Received:
2 October 2017
Accepted:
26 December 2017
Published:
16 January 2018
Abstract: The competing water uses within the Mara River Basin MRB has increased water demand, which has affected the Mara river. In this paper, water resources and demands were modelled using Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP), by which different methods and strategies were assessed to mitigate the overuse practices from the Mara river. For this, water uses and resources in the basin were quantified and mapped in regard to their current and future statuses taking 2010 as a reference year for the simulation’ scenarios up to 2045. The Parameter Estimation Tool (PEST) was used to calibrate the model. The results showed that the total water demand within the basin under the reference scenario was 4.91 BCM, the demand dropped to 4.1 BCM under the ¨Demand Management Strategy DMS scenario and to 3.5 BCM under the Enhanced Policy Implementation and DMS scenario. The results also showed that the proposed DMS could increase water sustainability by reducing water demands at the basin.
Abstract: The competing water uses within the Mara River Basin MRB has increased water demand, which has affected the Mara river. In this paper, water resources and demands were modelled using Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP), by which different methods and strategies were assessed to mitigate the overuse practices from the Mara river. For this, w...
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The Effect of Ripe Plantain Peels Waste on the Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by Echinochloa colona (L.) Link
Amadi Noble,
Franklin Banakuna Godson Tanee,
Julian Osuji
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2018
Pages:
19-23
Received:
4 October 2017
Accepted:
29 December 2017
Published:
19 January 2018
Abstract: This research work was to investigate the effect of plantain peels of various concentrations to induce the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd in Echinochloa colona planted in heavy metal contaminated soil. Two (2) kilograms of homogenous heavy metal contaminated soil composite was weighed into polythene bags arranged in 4 batches (1, 2, 3, 4) alongside uncontaminated soil (batch 5) of 12 replications each. Then 100g, 200g and 300g of the powdered ripe plantain peels (waste) was added as amendment into batches 1, 2, 3, respectively, and batches 4 and 5 were without plantain peel (0g) addition designated as control and double control respectively. Two seedlings of Echinochloa colona was transplanted from the nursery into all the batches. The plant and soil samples were analyzed at two month interval for Cd and Pb contents using anatomical absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The accumulation of Pb was higher in plants than in soil with Bioaccumulation factor > 1 in 200g and 300g plantain peel treated soil. Also 300g plantain peels treated soil had greater Cd concentration in shoot than root with (translocation factor (TF) > 1) at month 2 and 4, while the Bioaccumulation factor > 1 was observed in all treatments at 2 and 4 month for Cd. Therefore, 300g plantain peels treatment is effective in enhancing the availability, mobility and uptake of Cd. This indicated that 300g plantain peel (waste) is effective in the remediation of Cd polluted soil using Echinochloa colona as a remediating agent.
Abstract: This research work was to investigate the effect of plantain peels of various concentrations to induce the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd in Echinochloa colona planted in heavy metal contaminated soil. Two (2) kilograms of homogenous heavy metal contaminated soil composite was weighed into polythene bags arranged in 4 batches (1, 2, 3, 4) alongside u...
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