The Effect of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Melia compositae
Ezhumalai Rajamanickam,
Karthik Ramesh Surapura,
Sharma Sukh Dev
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-5
Received:
2 December 2020
Accepted:
31 December 2020
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: In this paper, empirical study of stiffness (modulus of elasticity-MoE) and Bending strength/flexural strength (modulus of rupture-MoR) in wood, mainly on radial and Tangential surface of Melia compositae wood were evaluated. Here loading in the radial direction means that load is applied to the tangential surface and loading in the tangential direction means that load is applied to the radial surface. The strength properties vary with species to species and also application of direction of load. Loading direction appreciably affects the bending properties remarkably due to the anisotropic /orthotropic nature of timber. It was observed that always MoE and MoR have greater value in Radial surface. The direction of application of load has an appreciable effect on strength properties of wood. While this is generally attributable to the presence of medullary rays in the radial direction. The bending strength of timber when loaded parallel to the direction of load is greater than that of timber loaded perpendicular to the direction of load. The ratio of flexural strength values varied from13% to 14% for Melia composita.
Abstract: In this paper, empirical study of stiffness (modulus of elasticity-MoE) and Bending strength/flexural strength (modulus of rupture-MoR) in wood, mainly on radial and Tangential surface of Melia compositae wood were evaluated. Here loading in the radial direction means that load is applied to the tangential surface and loading in the tangential dire...
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Macro-fungi Community of Lake Ol Bolossat Basin and Associated Riparian Ecosystems in Central, Kenya
Mary Nyawira Muchane,
Kelvin Maina Waithaka,
Taita Terer
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
6-15
Received:
17 February 2021
Accepted:
3 March 2021
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Lake OlBolossat, an important wetland in Central Kenya highland currently threatened by anthropogenic activities. In order to conserve biodiversity in this Lake Ecosystem and associated habitats understanding abundance and diversity of different taxa is needed. This study documented macro-fungi diversity of Lake Ol Bolossat basin and its associated riparian ecosystems. The survey revealed 35 macrofungi species distributed across 21 families. Species in family Polyporaceae and Agaricaceae (mainly the puffball) dominated the Lake ecosystems. Woodrotters species (50%) dominated the ecosystem followed by ectomycorrhiza (17%) and cow-dung dwellers (15%). Termite cultivated species and soil dwellers had the lowest representation (9%). Macro-fungi density, species richness and diversity was significantly low in natural grassland and forest remnants compared to introduced and exotic woodlots. Only three species of macrofungi (Termitomyces microcarpus, Ramariopsis kunzei and Datronia mollis) were documented in natural forests remnants. Natural grassland around the lake was mainly dominated by Termitomyces, Lycoperdon, Panaeolus (cowdung), Psilocybe and Agrocybe species (cowdung). Ectomycorrhiza species (Laccaria bicolor, Pisolithus arrhizus, Suillus granulatus, Scleroderma citrinum) dominated introduced and exotic Eucalyptus, Pinus and Acacia mearnsii plantation. This study has revealed wide range of macro-fungi community in Lake Ol Bolossat basin, and adverse effect of degradation on native macro-fungi community. The negative implication of losing macrofungi diversity along Lake OlBolossat ecosystem is discussed.
Abstract: Lake OlBolossat, an important wetland in Central Kenya highland currently threatened by anthropogenic activities. In order to conserve biodiversity in this Lake Ecosystem and associated habitats understanding abundance and diversity of different taxa is needed. This study documented macro-fungi diversity of Lake Ol Bolossat basin and its associated...
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Determinants of Food Security: The Case of Kurmuk District in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia
Seid Mohammed,
Abdela Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
16-26
Received:
20 October 2020
Accepted:
20 November 2020
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: This study analyzed the determinants of food security in the case of Kurmuk district. The study used multi stages sampling techniques to draw representative households. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbeck model and binary logit model were used. The Foster, Greer and Thorbeck food insecurity index was employed to examine the extent and severity of food insecurity. It revealed that 43.6% of the sample households live below food security line with food insecurity gap and food insecurity severity index of 0.0875 and 0.0352 respectively. Among the sixteen explanatory variables that are included in the binary logit model livestock ownership excluding oxen, oxen ownership, cultivated land size, non-farm income, extension contact and household head educational status showed a significant and positive effect on food security. Whereas household sizes in adult equivalent and household head age have a negative and significant effect on food security. The empirical findings suggest that special attention should be given to improving crop and livestock market, veterinary services, health services, agricultural technologies and creation of awareness on family planning. Interventions like capacity building, agricultural research, agricultural marketing as well as infrastructures that enhance nonfarm activities in sustainable manner need to be designed to reduce food insecurity prevalence in the study area.
Abstract: This study analyzed the determinants of food security in the case of Kurmuk district. The study used multi stages sampling techniques to draw representative households. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbeck model and binary logit model were used. The Foster, Greer and Thorbeck food insecurity index was employed to e...
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